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[原創(chuàng)] 什么是“完全的數(shù)學證明”?
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先貼出漢語的(聯(lián)合國官方正式使用的6種同等有效語言之一)。有空在翻譯成英語。請不要歧視漢語! (1)所有的證明都是相對的。 Any proof is relative, since it is based on certain unprovable assumptions. 《Encyclopaedia of Mathematics》,http://eom.springer.de/p/p075420.htm (2)K Godel說過:沒有一個在特定分辨率層次上形成的知識系統(tǒng),能夠完全解釋那個層次,必須具有一個高層元知識才能完全解釋它。然而,當我們著手去構造這個更一般的元知識時,它也要求更高一層的元-元知識去解釋它。 (來自:近十年人工智能的進展,《模式識別與人工智能》,1995年 8卷 12月增刊,起止頁碼:1-9) (3)實系數(shù)的一元二次方程,當根的判別式小于0時,有沒有解? 答案:如果在實數(shù)域(初中學生的答案),沒有;相反,在復數(shù)域(大學生的答案),有! (4)三角形內角和等于180°嗎? 答案:在歐幾何學(Euclidean Geometry)是;在非歐幾何學(Non-Euclidean Geometry)里不是。 (5)在幾何學中,“點、線、面、體”誰復雜? 答案:依賴于特定的數(shù)學評價指標。例如,若以面積作為評價指標時,“點、線”的面積都是0,而“體”是無窮大(不能定義)?墒牵泽w積作為評價指標時,“點、線、面”的體積都是0。于是“點、線、面、體”的復雜性就出現(xiàn)了多種合理答案。 完全的數(shù)學證明需要3種證明: 所以,某數(shù)學命題的證明是依賴“證明所采用的數(shù)學系統(tǒng)的”。這樣: Based the "The definition of Proof http://eom.springer.de/P/p075420.htm, the Mathematical proofs of a proposition should have three cases: (1) the proposition is valid, under a certain axiomatic system; (2) the proposition is not valid, under another axiomatic system; (3) the proposition can not be proved, without the necessary designating axiomatic systems. Under these criterions, GRIGORI PERELMAN only did the 1/3 of the full proofs of Poincare conjecture. 請對照Godel incompleteness theorem和Chaitin theorem。 _____________________________________________________________________ "Proof is a reasoning conducted according to certain rules in order to demonstrate some proposition (statement, theorem); it is based on initial statements (axioms). In practice, however, it may also be based on previously demonstrated propositions. Any proof is relative, since it is based on certain unprovable assumptions." [1] So, a proposition proved can have three results: according to different rules, the proposition can be (1) valid/proved; (2) invalid; and (3) undecidable. The Mathematical proofs of a proposition must give the following three cases: (1) The proposition is valid, under some certain axiomatic systems; (2) The proposition is not valid, under other axiomatic systems; (3) The proposition can not be proved/decided, without the necessary designating axiomatic systems. A Full Proof requires that the three cases are all identified definitely. This is the use of Gödel incompleteness theorem and Chaitin theorems in the criterion for Future Mathematical Proof. Under these criterions, GRIGORI PERELMAN only did the 1/3 of the full proofs of Poincare conjecture. References: [1] Proof in Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, http://eom.springer.de/p/p075420.htm [2] Continuum hypothesis in Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, http://eom.springer.de/C/c025790.htm [3] Gregory J. Chaitin. Information-Theoretic Computational Complexity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-20 (1974), pp. 10-15. [4] Gödel incompleteness theorem in Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, http://eom.springer.de/G/g044530.htm [5] Morris Kline. Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, New York: Oxford University Press, 1972. [6] Hilbert's Program in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hilbert-program/ [7] http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/showtopic-83926.aspx [ Last edited by YANGZL on 2011-9-30 at 10:28 ] |
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