每周一聽——那些年我們一起練過的聽力（第105期）

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       Think of your family or friends. How well would those relationships work without trust -- or with a broken trust?

　　Recently, Forbes magazine    (1)    Tiger Woods the first athlete to reach one billion dollars in career earnings. That includes winnings, appearances, product    (2)    and more.

　　The Associated Press just voted him "athlete of the decade." But more than half the votes arrived before his private life    (3)    the news.

　　The young golfer has admitted being unfaithful to his wife and family. Public opinion of him has fallen. Some companies have removed him from their advertising. Tiger Woods is now taking what he calls "an indefinite break from     (4)    golf."

　　Trust also plays into much bigger issues, like reaching a    (5)    change agreement or reforming a health care system.

　　Two different researchers have recently studied the effects of trust within countries.

　　Pelle Ahlerup is an economics researcher at Sweden's University of Gothenburg. His research suggests that trust between people is more important in countries with a weak legal system. And in societies where there is less trust between people, the quality of the legal system plays a larger part.

　　He says projects    (6)      to increase interpersonal trust can have a major effect in poor countries with undependable legal systems. Earlier research has shown that countries with greater trust between people generally do better in economic growth and other areas.

　　What about trust in government -- could it even affect murder rates? A historian at Ohio State University argues yes in a new book called "American Homicide."

　　Randolph Roth studied homicide rates over the past four hundred years in parts of the United States and western Europe. The Justice Department says rates in recent years   (7)    to levels last seen in the middle of the nineteen sixties. Still, murder rates in the United States have generally been among the highest among Western democracies since the middle of the nineteenth century.

　　Professor Roth says poverty and   (8)    do not lead to higher murder rates. Nor do stronger punishments and more police keep murder rates down.

　　He looked at murder among unrelated adults and found four things that relate to homicide rates. One is a belief that a government is stable and that the justice and legal systems are fair and effective. Another is a feeling of trust in government officials.

　　The third factor is a sense of pride in country and unity with other citizens. And the fourth is a belief that a person's position in society is    (9)    and that getting respect does not require violence.

　　When these feelings are strong, he says, murder rates are generally low. Rates are higher when people do not trust their leaders or feel protected or    (10)    to society. But Professor Roth says even the best political leaders cannot unite a country once a society's problems get out of control.
　　

上期答案
1 awake
2 led
3 wakefulness
4 abnormality
5 extended
6 engineered
7 shelter
8 positions
9 backs
10 infant